Magnetic resonance imaging under isoflurane anesthesia alters cortical cyclooxygenase‐2 expression and glial cell morphology during sepsis‐associated neurological dysfunction in rats

Abstract Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of rodents combined with histology allows to determine what mechanisms underlie functional and structural brain changes during sepsis‐associated encephalopathy. However, the effects of MRI performed in isoflurane‐anesthetized rodents on modifications of the blood‐brain barrier and the production of vasoactive prostaglandins and glia cells, which have been proposed to mediate sepsis‐associated brain dysfunction, are unknown. Methods This study addressed the effect of MRI under isoflurane anesthesia on blood‐brain barrier integrity, cyclooxygenase‐2 expression, and glial cell activation during cecal ligature and puncture‐induced sepsis‐associated brain dysfunction in rats. Results Cecal ligature and puncture reduced food intake and the righting reflex. MRI under isoflurane anesthesia reduced blood‐brain barrier breakdown, decreased circularity of white matter astrocytes, and increased neuronal cyclooxygenase‐2 immunoreactivity in the cortex 24 hours after laparotomy. In addition, it annihilated cecal ligature and puncture‐induced increased circularity of white matter microglia. MRI under isoflurane anesthesia, however, did not alter sepsis‐associated perivascular cyclooxygenase‐2 induction. Conclusion These findings indicate that MRI under isoflurane anesthesia of rodents can modify neurovascular and glial responses and should, therefore, be interpreted with caution.