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Risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia by sex and race/ethnicity: The Multiethnic Cohort Study
Author(s) -
Lim Unhee,
Wang Songren,
Park SongYi,
Bogumil David,
Wu Anna H.,
Cheng Iona,
Haiman Christopher A.,
Le Marchand Loïc,
Wilkens Lynne R.,
White Lon,
Setiawan V. Wendy
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
alzheimer's and dementia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.713
H-Index - 118
eISSN - 1552-5279
pISSN - 1552-5260
DOI - 10.1002/alz.12528
Subject(s) - dementia , ethnic group , race (biology) , cohort , medicine , disease , gerontology , cohort study , psychology , demography , clinical psychology , gender studies , sociology , anthropology
Data are limited for comparison of sex‐ and race/ethnicity‐specific risks of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD). Methods In the population‐based Multiethnic Cohort, we estimated the age‐standardized diagnostic incidence rate (ASDIR) and relative risk of late‐onset ADRD ( n = 16,410) among 105,796 participants based on Medicare claims (1999‐2014) by sex and race/ethnicity. Results The ASDIR for ADRD was higher for women (17.0 per 1000 person‐years) than for men (15.3) and varied across African Americans (22.9 in women, 21.5 in men), Native Hawaiians (19.3, 19.4), Latinos (16.8, 14.7), Whites (16.4, 15.5), Japanese Americans (14.8, 13.8), and Filipinos (12.5, 9.7). Similar risk patterns were observed for AD. Adjustment for education and cardiometabolic diseases attenuated the differences. Accounting for deaths from competing causes increased the sex difference, while reducing the racial/ethnic differences. Less racial/ethnic disparity was detected among apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) e4 carriers. Discussion More research is needed to understand the sex and racial/ethnic differences in ADRD.