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Shared risk and protective factors between Alzheimer's disease and ischemic stroke: A population‐based longitudinal study
Author(s) -
Wang Rui,
Qiu Chengxuan,
Dintica Christina S.,
Shang Ying,
Calderón Larrañaga Amaia,
Wang HuiXin,
Xu Weili
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
alzheimer's and dementia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.713
H-Index - 118
eISSN - 1552-5279
pISSN - 1552-5260
DOI - 10.1002/alz.12203
Subject(s) - stroke (engine) , hazard ratio , medicine , disease , proportional hazards model , cohort , risk factor , cohort study , longitudinal study , prospective cohort study , gerontology , confidence interval , pathology , engineering , mechanical engineering
Stroke, especially ischemic stroke's (IS) link with Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. Methods This prospective cohort study included 2459 AD‐ and cerebrovascular disease‐free older adults at baseline (mean age 71.9 ± 10.3 years, Stockholm, Sweden). Using Cox regressions, shared risk factors (SRFs) and shared protective factors (SPFs) between AD and IS were recognized when their hazard ratios in both AD and IS models were significant and in the same direction. Results During the follow‐up period of up to 15 years, 132 AD and 260 IS mutually exclusive cases were identified. SRFs were low education, sedentary lifestyle, and heart diseases. High levels of psychological well‐being, actively engaging in leisure activities, and a rich social network were SPFs. Having ≥1 SPF reduced 47% of AD and 28% of IS risk among people with a low risk profile (<2 SRFs), and 38% of AD and 31% of IS risk with a high risk profile (≥2 SRFs). In total, 57.8% of AD/IS cases could be prevented if individuals have ≥1 SPF and no SRF. Discussion AD and IS share risk/protective profiles, and SPFs seem to counteract the adverse effects of SRFs on both AD and IS.