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Social network characteristics moderate associations between cortical thickness and cognitive functioning in older adults
Author(s) -
Sharifian Neika,
Zaheed Afsara B,
Morris Emily P,
Sol Ketlyne,
Manly Jennifer J,
Schupf Nicole,
Mayeux Richard,
Brickman Adam M,
Zahodne Laura B
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
alzheimer's and dementia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.713
H-Index - 118
eISSN - 1552-5279
pISSN - 1552-5260
DOI - 10.1002/alz.052227
Subject(s) - cognition , spouse , psychology , association (psychology) , effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance , social cognition , developmental psychology , cognitive skill , neuroscience , sociology , anthropology , psychotherapist
Background Although prior research suggests that brain health is associated with cognitive functioning in later life, the strength of brain‐cognition associations varies. Lifestyle factors may alter these associations by either increasing or decreasing the probability of exhibiting cognitive symptoms at any given level of brain pathology. One lifestyle factor that prior clinicopathologic research has found to influence the association between greater Alzheimer’s disease pathology and lower cognitive performance is an individual’s total social network size. However, little is known about distinct social relationship types (i.e., family vs. friends). Method The current cross‐sectional study used data from the Washington Heights‐Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP; n = 654, 63‐96 years old, 62.40% Female) to examine whether distinct social network characteristics moderate associations between cortical thickness in regions implicated in Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive performance. Initial linear regression models examined the effects of total social network size, cortical thickness and their interaction on global cognitive functioning and individual cognitive domains (memory, language, speed/executive functioning, visuospatial function). Subsequent models tested the effects of distinct social relationship types (i.e., spouse/partner, number of children, other relatives, friends). Result Although there were no main effects of cortical thickness or individual social network components on cognition, there was an interaction between cortical thickness and the size of friend networks. Specifically, lower cortical thickness was associated with lower global cognition among individuals with smaller friend networks, but not individuals with larger friend networks. When broken down by individual cognitive domains, this pattern of results was most prominent for language and speed/executive functioning. Total social network size and family networks (spouse/partner, number of children or relatives) did not moderate associations between cortical thickness and cognition. Conclusion Results are consistent with a growing body of literature suggesting that maintaining more friendships may promote cognitive reserve in older adulthood. Longitudinal, intervention, and functional neuroimaging studies are needed to determine whether interacting with friends strengthens neural networks that can support cognitive performance in the context of poorer brain health.