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Interstitial fluid as a proxy of glymphatic dysfunction in patients with cognitive impairment: The necessity of three‐directional intravoxel incoherent motion
Author(s) -
Thiel Merel M.,
Freeze Whitney M.,
Jong Joost J.,
Ramakers Inez H.G.B.,
Backes Walter H.,
Jansen Jacobus F.A.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
alzheimer's and dementia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.713
H-Index - 118
eISSN - 1552-5279
pISSN - 1552-5260
DOI - 10.1002/alz.052105
Subject(s) - intravoxel incoherent motion , diffusion mri , white matter , corpus callosum , dementia , cognitive decline , cognitive impairment , nuclear medicine , medicine , psychology , magnetic resonance imaging , cognition , neuroscience , pathology , radiology , disease
Background IntraVoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) MRI can detect an intermediate diffusion component, which is thought to be related to increased interstitial fluid (ISF). However, IVIM imaging with a proper estimation of the diffusion tensor requires a long acquisition time (∼10 min), which is not feasible in clinical practice. This study simultaneously examines the contribution of individual diffusion directions and the potential group differences between patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and cognitively normal controls (CN). We foresee to find a higher ISF‐fraction in patients compared with controls, as underlying pathologic processes, e.g. inflammation and oedema, would ultimately lead to loss of tissue structure and increase in ISF. Method Patients with AD dementia (n=15) and MCI (n=15), and 33 CNs underwent 3T MRI. IVIM images were acquired with a range of b ‐values (10‐1000 s/mm 2 ) in three orthogonal diffusion directions: M (left‐right), P (anterior‐posterior) and S (superior‐inferior) (Fig. 1). The intermediate diffusion components ( D int ) in the range 1.5