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Oral administration of Byrophyllum pinnatum flavonoid ameliorates cognitive impairment via modulating cortical neurochemicals and oxidative stress in aluminum chloride‐induced Alzheimer’s disease‐like condition in wistar rats
Author(s) -
Ogidigo Joyce Oloaigbe
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
alzheimer's and dementia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.713
H-Index - 118
eISSN - 1552-5279
pISSN - 1552-5260
DOI - 10.1002/alz.037420
Subject(s) - oxidative stress , morris water navigation task , chemistry , aché , pharmacology , western blot , flavonoid , medicine , endocrinology , acetylcholinesterase , hippocampus , biochemistry , antioxidant , enzyme , gene
Background Aluminum, a potent neurotoxicant is a major risk factor involved in the perturbation of neurochemicals leading to the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Byrophyllum pinnatum is widely distributed in Southern Nigeria and used locally for the treatment of various ailments including neurological disorders. This study was aimed to access the neuro restorative potential of B. pinnatum flavonoids (BPF) in aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 )‐induced AD‐like condition in Wistar rats Methods B. pinnatum flavonoids were characterized using FTIR and ultra‐high‐performance Liquid chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometry UPLC‐MS/MS. Thirty (30) male adult Wistar rats were used in this study and divided into five groups (n=6). Symptoms mimicking AD were induced in rats by administering 150mg/kg b.w of AlCl 3 orally for 21 days. After the induction, animals were divided into five groups (n=6) and treated with BPF (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) and 3 mg/kg of Rivastigmine for another 21 days. Neuro behavioral activities were assessed using Morris water maze tasks. Acetyl‐cholinesterase (AChE), BACE‐1 and oxidative stress markers were assessed following standard protocols. Semi‐quantitative reverse transcriptase‐PCR (RT‐PCR) was used to access the expression patterns of AChE and BACE‐1 mRNA in the cortex of rats. Results Characterization of BPF revealed the presence of flavonols and flavone as the major constituents. Furthermore, AlCl 3 overload caused behavioral alterations and showed impaired cognitive function similar to AD alongside increased brain cortical AChE activity, MDA level and decrease in antioxidant enzymes. In addition, AlCl 3 induction caused the up‐regulation of AChE and BACE‐1 mRNA expressions in the cortex of rats. Conversely, oral administration of BPF (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) significantly ameliorated cognitive deficits, restored oxidant‐antioxidant balance and modulated neurochemical markers, as evidenced by the improvement in brain function. Besides, BPF contributed towards the down‐regulation of AlCl 3 ‐increased AChE and BACE‐1 mRNA expressions in the cortex. Conclusion The current work demonstrates the therapeutic potential of B. pinnatum and suggests that it can ameliorate cognitive impairment caused by AlCl 3 through reverting oxidative stress, restoring neurochemical function.