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In vitro safety of ketotifen as a topical nasal rinse
Author(s) -
Triantafillou Vasiliki,
Maina Ivy W.,
Patel Neil N.,
Tong Charles C. L.,
Papagiannopoulos Peter,
Kohanski Michael A.,
Kennedy David W.,
Palmer James N.,
Adappa Nithin D.,
Cohen Noam A.,
Bosso John V.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
international forum of allergy and rhinology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.503
H-Index - 46
eISSN - 2042-6984
pISSN - 2042-6976
DOI - 10.1002/alr.22461
Subject(s) - ketotifen , medicine , toxicity , antihistamine , pharmacology , mast cell , allergic conjunctivitis , lactate dehydrogenase , immunology , allergy , asthma , biochemistry , enzyme , chemistry
Background Ketotifen is a second‐generation noncompetitive H1‐antihistamine and mast‐cell stabilizer. It is commonly used to treat or prevent allergic conjunctivitis, asthma, chronic urticaria, anaphylaxis, mast‐cell, and other allergic‐type disorders. However, it has never been studied in aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), an aggressive phenotype of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, where the mast cell plays a prominent role its pathogenesis. Methods Human sinonasal epithelial cells were grown at an air‐liquid interface (ALI). Ketotifen powder was dissolved in saline to make 4 test solutions at 1.04, 2.08, 10.4, and 20.8 µg/mL. Control (saline) or ketotifen solution was added apically to ALI cultures from tissue of 5 unique patients, and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) changes were recorded. Lactate dehydrogenase was measured at 24 and 48 hours to estimate long‐term cellular toxicity. Results Apical application of ketotifen at all concentrations was neither ciliotoxic nor ciliostimulatory, with no change in CBF over a period of 15 minutes after application. Cellular toxicity for all concentrations at 24 and 48 hours after application was <3% and <7%, respectively, that of lysed cultures. Conclusion Topical application of ketotifen to an in vitro model of sinonasal epithelium is safe, as evaluated by CBF and lactate dehydrogenase. Ketotifen is neither ciliotoxic nor ciliostimulatory, and no long‐term cellular toxicity was observed. Ketotifen may have promise as a topical nasal rinse in the treatment of AERD.