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Development and validation of a preclinical model for training and assessment of cerebrospinal fluid leak repair in endoscopic skull base surgery
Author(s) -
Mattavelli Davide,
Ferrari Marco,
Rampinelli Vittorio,
Schreiber Alberto,
Buffoli Barbara,
Deganello Alberto,
Rodella Luigi F.,
Fontanella Marco M.,
Nicolai Piero,
Doglietto Francesco
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
international forum of allergy and rhinology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.503
H-Index - 46
eISSN - 2042-6984
pISSN - 2042-6976
DOI - 10.1002/alr.22451
Subject(s) - medicine , cerebrospinal fluid leak , leak , skull , cerebrospinal fluid , surgery , base (topology) , pathology , mathematical analysis , mathematics , environmental engineering , engineering
Background Achieving an effective endoscopic skull base reconstruction in case of large dural defects requires specific training and can be extremely challenging. The aim of this study was to describe the development and validation of a preclinical model for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak repair, which can be used for training and to test the mechanical efficacy of endoscopic skull base reconstruction. Methods Eleven fresh‐frozen cadaver heads were dissected. A catheter was inserted in the subdural space via a cervical access, which was sealed with mastic; a vertical graduated tube connected to the catheter measured intracranial pressure (ICP), while stained water was injected intracranially. After endoscopic skull base reconstruction was performed, an expert surgeon assessed its efficacy. ICP was then gradually increased until a leak was evident and CSF leak pressure value was recorded. The correlation between subjective and quantitative evaluations was investigated through Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. Results The model was successfully tested in 11 specimens. A single, large dural defect was created in each model (transplanum‐transtuberculum = 4; transplanum‐transtuberculum‐transsellar = 3; transclival = 3; transcribriform‐transplanum = 1). Skull base reconstruction always comprised a rigid buttress with temporal fascia and/or fat. The CSF leak pressure ranged from 4 to 110 cmH 2 O. The correlation between expert subjective and quantitative assessment of skull base reconstruction mechanical efficacy was high ( r = 0.7; r s = 0.7; p = 0.010 and p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusion This preclinical model is simple, easily reproducible, and effective in simulating an intraoperative leak and objectively measures the CSF leak pressure point of a skull base reconstruction.