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In vitro safety evaluation of human nasal epithelial cell monolayers exposed to carrageenan sinus wash
Author(s) -
Ramezanpour Mahnaz,
Murphy Jae,
Smith Jason L.P.,
Vreugde Sarah,
Psaltis Alkis James
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
international forum of allergy and rhinology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.503
H-Index - 46
eISSN - 2042-6984
pISSN - 2042-6976
DOI - 10.1002/alr.22021
Subject(s) - barrier function , medicine , in vitro , carrageenan , sinus (botany) , nasal lavage , saline , epithelium , immunology , toxicity , pathology , pharmacology , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , allergy , botany , genus
Background Carrageenans have shown to reduce the viral load in nasal secretions and lower the incidence of secondary infections in children with common cold. Despite the widespread use of carrageenans in topical applications, the effect of carrageenans on the sinonasal epithelial barrier has not been elucidated. We investigate the effect of different carrageenans on the sinonasal epithelial barrier and inflammatory response in vitro. Methods Iota and Kappa carrageenan delivered in saline irrigation solutions applied to air‐liquid interface (ALI) cultures of primary human nasal epithelial cells from chronic rhinosinusitis patients and controls. Epithelial barrier structure was assessed by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and immunolocalization of F actin. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF), toxicity, and inflammatory response was studied. Results Kappa or Iota carrageenan in the different solutions was not toxic, did not have detrimental effects on epithelial barrier structure and CBF. Rather, application of Kappa carrageenan significantly increased TEER and suppressed interleukin 6 (IL‐6) secretion in ALI cultures from CRS patients. Conclusion Kappa or Iota carrageenan solution was safe and did not negatively affect epithelial barrier function. Kappa carrageenan increased TEER and decreased IL‐6 production in CRS patients, indicating positive effects on epithelial barrier function in vitro.