Anaphylaxis in the allergy practice

Background Otolaryngologists managing patients with allergic rhinitis are faced with the possibility of anaphylactic reactions in the office, especially when providing allergen immunotherapy. Methods Literature review was performed and recent published articles on anaphylaxis were examined. Details on pathophysiology, incidence, signs/symptoms, and treatment of anaphylaxis are included in this review article. Results Although anaphylaxis is a rare event with allergy testing and immunotherapy, it can result in fatal consequences. Clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis are rapid, and the upper and lower airways, skin, conjunctiva, and gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems are often affected, individually or in combination. Treatment of anaphylaxis in the office begins with proper preparation in advance. The most important drug in the treatment of anaphylaxis is epinephrine, which should be administered early during an anaphylactic reaction. Recognition of the risks factors for anaphylaxis, such as uncontrolled asthma, may be helpful in order to prevent anaphylaxis. Conclusion Fortunately, Anaphylaxis is a rare occurrence in the allergy office if strict attention is paid to proper testing and treatment principles. Maintaining a high level of vigilance and preparedness is important to increase the chances of a favorable outcome should an anaphylactic episode occur.