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Expression of protease‐activated receptors in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis
Author(s) -
Ebert Charles S.,
McKinney Kibwei A.,
Urrutia Gene,
Wu Michael,
Rose Austin S.,
Fleischman Gita M.,
Thorp Brian,
Senior Brent A.,
Zanation Adam M.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
international forum of allergy and rhinology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.503
H-Index - 46
eISSN - 2042-6984
pISSN - 2042-6976
DOI - 10.1002/alr.21295
Subject(s) - medicine , nasal polyps , etiology , immunology , chronic rhinosinusitis , sinusitis , receptor , immune system , microarray , inflammation , gene expression , gastroenterology , gene , biology , biochemistry
Background The etiology of the intense inflammatory response showed by patients with allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) remains a mystery. Potential sources of this inflammation may include fungal proteases. Protease‐activated receptors (PARs) are components of the innate immune response that are modulated by proteolytic activity and are involved in potentiating T helper 2 (Th2) responses. The objective of the study was to determine whether there is differential expression of PARs in patients with AFRS compared to controls. Methods The study was designed as a comparison of gene expression profiles in patients with AFRS vs diseased and nondiseased controls. Twenty‐five patients were enrolled. Patients with AFRS (n = 15) were compared to nondiseased controls (n = 5) undergoing minimally invasive pituitary surgery (MIPS) and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP, n = 5) undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Ethmoid mucosa RNA was hybridized to 4×44K microarray chips. Four gene probes (PAR1, PAR2, PAR3, and PAR4) were used to assess for differential expression. A linear‐mixed model was used to account for some patients having multiple samples. Significance level was determined at p < 0.05. Results Of the 4 probes, only PAR3 showed statistically significant differential expression between AFRS and nondiseased control samples ( p = 0.03) as well as a 2.21‐fold change. No additional statistical difference in PAR expression among the comparison groups was noted. Conclusion PARs have been shown to enhance production of inflammatory cytokines and potentiate Th2 responses. In this initial report, patients with AFRS have a significantly increased expression of PAR3 compared to nondiseased controls.