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Mandibular corpus shape is a taxonomic indicator in extant hominids
Author(s) -
Balolia Katharine L.,
Jakeman Elise C.,
Massey Jason S.,
Groves Colin,
Wood Bernard
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
american journal of physical anthropology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.146
H-Index - 119
eISSN - 1096-8644
pISSN - 0002-9483
DOI - 10.1002/ajpa.24030
Subject(s) - gorilla , biology , symphysis , pongo pygmaeus , mandibular symphysis , discriminant function analysis , pan paniscus , taxon , extant taxon , genus , homo sapiens , linear discriminant analysis , morphometrics , zoology , anatomy , evolutionary biology , geography , artificial intelligence , mathematics , archaeology , ecology , computer science , paleontology , statistics
Objectives The aim of this study is to understand whether the shape of three sub‐regions of the mandibular corpus (the alveolar arch, corpus at M 1 and posterior symphysis) are useful for making taxonomic assessments at the genus and species levels in extant hominids. Materials and Methods We use data taken from 3D surface scans of the mandibular corpus of seven extant hominid taxa: Gorilla gorilla gorilla, Gorilla beringei graueri, Homo sapiens , Pan paniscus , Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, Pongo abelii, and Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus to generate four shape variables: alveolar arch shape (AAS), corpus shape at M 1 (CSM 1 ), posterior symphysis shape at the midline (PSSM), and posterior symphysis shape (PSS). To ascertain how reliable each mandibular shape variable is for assessing taxonomy, we ran canonical discriminant and discriminant function analysis, reporting cross‐validated results. Results Using a combination of three mandibular corpus shape variables, 99% of specimens were classified correctly for genus‐level analyses. A maximum of 100% of Pan specimens, 94% of Gorilla specimens and 96% of Pongo specimens were classified correctly at the species level when up to three mandibular shape variables were included in the analyses. When mandibular corpus variables were considered in isolation, posterior symphysis shape yielded the highest overall correct classification results. Discussion The high taxonomic classification rates at both the genus and species level, using 3D surface data and advanced quantification techniques, show that the shape of the alveolar arch, corpus at M 1 and symphysis can distinguish extant hominid taxa. These findings have implications for assessing the taxonomy of extinct hominid specimens which preserve these mandibular sub‐regions.