Intervertebral osteochondrosis in ancient and modern populations

Skeletal collections are often useful for determining the frequency and distribution of lesions that would otherwise go unnoticed in the living. This study examines a rather common spinal lesion for which there is little clinical or paleopathologic literature available. In such cases, the anterior aspect of the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebral plates display crescent‐shaped lesions suggestive of a form of degeneration known as intervertebral osteochondrosis. A total of 2,628 skeletons from three early American Indian sites and one 20th‐century medical‐school cadaver population are examined for this lesion. Variables such as age, sex, weight, race, activity patterns, and other biocultural information are considered in relation to the frequency of this lesion. It is suggested that physical stress during the second and third decades of life is largely responsible for this condition. With advancing age the lesions are obliterated and, in effect, become indistinguishable from spondylosis deformans. Familiarity with this condition is necessary in order to better understand degenerative spinal disease and avoid confusion with other spinal diseases such as tuberculosis.