Premium
Robust and least‐squares orthogonal mapping: Methods for the study of cephalofacial form and growth
Author(s) -
Olshan Andrew F.,
Siegel Andrew F.,
Swindler Daris R.
Publication year - 1982
Publication title -
american journal of physical anthropology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.146
H-Index - 119
eISSN - 1096-8644
pISSN - 0002-9483
DOI - 10.1002/ajpa.1330590203
Subject(s) - least squares function approximation , transformation (genetics) , identification (biology) , coordinate system , total least squares , mathematics , orthogonal transformation , computer science , algorithm , statistics , artificial intelligence , regression analysis , biochemistry , chemistry , botany , estimator , biology , gene
A method is presented for the description and analysis of cephalofacial form and growth using two‐dimensional coordinate data. The procedure permits the identification of shape differences at specific cephalofacial coordinate locations without reliance upon conventional cephalometric landmarks. The resulting size‐standardized coordinates can be analyzed by statistical methods for further data exploration. Two methods of shape transformation—least‐squares and robust fitting—are described and compared. An example of the utility of the technique for cephalofacial growth studies is provided.