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Skeletal maturation of children in Shiraz, Iran
Author(s) -
Forbes Anne P.,
Ronaghy Hossein A.,
Majd Massoud
Publication year - 1971
Publication title -
american journal of physical anthropology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.146
H-Index - 119
eISSN - 1096-8644
pISSN - 0002-9483
DOI - 10.1002/ajpa.1330350325
Subject(s) - medicine , bone age , percentile , ossification , wrist , radiography , carpal bones , incidence (geometry) , age groups , demography , dentistry , pediatrics , surgery , anatomy , statistics , physics , mathematics , sociology , optics
Hand‐wrist radiographs were made of 4,551 Shiraz school children and well babies of known age who were also weighed and measured. Medical examinations were not made and selection was biased in favor of the advantaged child because the urban standard of living is higher than the rural in Iran and because the poorest children may not attend elementary school and never attend high school. Nevertheless, height, weight and bone age fell rapidly below the tenth Iowa percentile by the age of two years and did not begin recovery until the age of six years. The distribution of the bone ages in each group was symetrical, not bi‐modal. Bone age offered no advantage over height age as an index of development but analysis of the radiographs provided evidence that the retardation was pathologic rather than genetic. Ossification of individual epiphyses was recorded in 3,333 hands and a marked discrepancy between carpal and phalangeal bones, with the carpal bones most retarded, was documented. A high incidence of pseudoepiphyses was noted.