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Individuality in male songs of wild black crested Gibbons ( Nomascus concolor )
Author(s) -
Sun GuoZheng,
Huang Bei,
Guan ZhenHua,
Geissmann Thomas,
Jiang XueLong
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
american journal of primatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.988
H-Index - 81
eISSN - 1098-2345
pISSN - 0275-2565
DOI - 10.1002/ajp.20917
Subject(s) - canto , geography , ecology , coda , discriminant function analysis , zoology , biology , acoustics , art , physics , statistics , mathematics , literature
This is the first study of vocal individuality in male songs of black crested gibbons. The sound recordings were carried out at two field sites, Pinghe, Ailao Mountains, and Dazhaizi, Wuliang Mountains, both located in Yunnan province, China. A total of 127 coda phrases of 38 male songs bouts of eight individual male gibbons were analyzed. Stepwise discriminant function analysis was used to examine the acoustic individuality of the males. We found that individuality among neighbors was very pronounced. Moreover, individuality within a site (i.e. among neighbors) is higher than among individuals between sites. Our finding suggests that black crested gibbons may actively increase their degree of vocal individuality against that of their immediate neighbors by vocal adjustment. Am. J. Primatol. 73:431–438, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.