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Synthesis of Pyrroles, Indoles, and Carbazoles through Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed CH Functionalization
Author(s) -
Yoshikai Naohiko,
Wei Ye
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
asian journal of organic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.846
H-Index - 44
eISSN - 2193-5815
pISSN - 2193-5807
DOI - 10.1002/ajoc.201300016
Subject(s) - chemistry , carbazole , catalysis , pyrrole , indole test , transition metal , combinatorial chemistry , homogeneous catalysis , nitrogen atom , organic chemistry , homogeneous , molecule , surface modification , ring (chemistry) , physics , thermodynamics
Pyrroles, indoles, and carbazoles are among the most important families of nitrogen‐containing heterocycles that occur frequently in natural products, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other functional molecules. Consequently, improved syntheses of these compounds continue to interest synthetic chemists. This Focus Review describes recent advances in synthetic methods for producing these privileged heterocycles that feature transition‐metal‐catalyzed CH activation approaches. Because of the common five‐membered pyrrole core, some of the CH activation approaches are applicable to two or more of the pyrrole, indole, and carbazole skeletons. The reactions discussed here not only serve as atom‐ and step‐economical alternatives to the existing synthetic methods, but also show the latest developments in organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis.