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Psychopathological manifestations of joint hypermobility and joint hypermobility syndrome/ Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type: The link between connective tissue and psychological distress revised
Author(s) -
Sinibaldi Lorenzo,
Ursini Gianluca,
Castori Marco
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
american journal of medical genetics part c: seminars in medical genetics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.419
H-Index - 101
eISSN - 1552-4876
pISSN - 1552-4868
DOI - 10.1002/ajmg.c.31430
Subject(s) - joint hypermobility , ehlers–danlos syndrome , psychopathology , anxiety , clinical psychology , psychology , hypermobility (travel) , schizophrenia (object oriented programming) , distress , medicine , psychiatry , physical therapy , dermatology
Psychological distress is a known feature of generalized joint hypermobility (gJHM), as well as of its most common syndromic presentation, namely Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type (a.k.a. joint hypermobility syndrome — JHS/EDS‐HT), and significantly contributes to the quality of life of affected individuals. Most published articles dealt with the link between gJHM (or JHS/EDS‐HT) and anxiety‐related conditions, and a novel generation of studies is emerging aimed at investigating the psychopathologic background of such an association. In this paper, literature review was carried out with a semi‐systematic approach spanning the entire spectrum of psychopathological findings in gJHM and JHS/EDS‐HT. Interestingly, in addition to the confirmation of a tight link between anxiety and gJHM, preliminary connections with depression, attention deficit (and hyperactivity) disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and obsessive–compulsive personality disorder were also found. Few papers investigated the relationship with schizophrenia with contrasting results. The mind–body connections hypothesized on the basis of available data were discussed with focus on somatotype, presumed psychopathology, and involvement of the extracellular matrix in the central nervous system. The hypothesis of positive Beighton score and alteration of interoceptive/proprioceptive/body awareness as possible endophenotypes in families with symptomatic gJHM or JHS/EDS‐HT is also suggested. Concluding remarks addressed the implications of the psychopathological features of gJHM and JHS/EDS‐HT in clinical practice. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.