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Bladder exstrophy: An epidemiologic study from the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research, and an overview of the literature
Author(s) -
Siffel Csaba,
Correa Adolfo,
Amar Emmanuelle,
Bakker Marian K.,
BermejoSánchez Eva,
Bianca Sebastiano,
Castilla Eduardo E.,
Clementi Maurizio,
Cocchi Guido,
CsákySzunyogh Melinda,
Feldkamp Marcia L.,
Landau Danielle,
Leoncini Emanuele,
Li Zhu,
Lowry R. Brian,
Marengo Lisa K.,
Mastroiacovo Pierpaolo,
Morgan Margery,
Mutchinick Osvaldo M.,
Pierini Anna,
Rissmann Anke,
Ritvanen Annukka,
Scarano Gioacchino,
Szabova Elena,
Olney Richard S.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
american journal of medical genetics part c: seminars in medical genetics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.419
H-Index - 101
eISSN - 1552-4876
pISSN - 1552-4868
DOI - 10.1002/ajmg.c.30316
Subject(s) - medicine , bladder exstrophy , odds ratio , demography , epidemiology , odds , pediatrics , pregnancy , obstetrics , surgery , logistic regression , biology , genetics , sociology
Bladder exstrophy (BE) is a complex congenital anomaly characterized by a defect in the closure of the lower abdominal wall and bladder. We aimed to provide an overview of the literature and conduct an epidemiologic study to describe the prevalence, and maternal and case characteristics of BE. We used data from 22 participating member programs of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICBDSR). All cases were reviewed and classified as isolated, syndrome, and multiple congenital anomalies. We estimated the total prevalence of BE and calculated the frequency and odds ratios for various maternal and case characteristics. A total of 546 cases with BE were identified among 26,355,094 births. The total prevalence of BE was 2.07 per 100,000 births (95% CI: 1.90–2.25) and varied between 0.52 and 4.63 among surveillance programs participating in the study. BE was nearly twice as common among male as among female cases. The proportion of isolated cases was 71%. Prevalence appeared to increase with increasing categories of maternal age, particularly among isolated cases. The total prevalence of BE showed some variations by geographical region, which is most likely attributable to differences in registration of cases. The higher total prevalence among male cases and older mothers, especially among isolated cases, warrants further attention. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.