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Genetic comorbidity between major depression and cardio‐metabolic traits, stratified by age at onset of major depression
Author(s) -
Hagenaars Saskia P.,
Coleman Jonathan R. I.,
Choi Shing Wan,
Gaspar Héléna,
Adams Mark J.,
Howard David M.,
Hodgson Karen,
Traylor Matthew,
Air Tracy M.,
Andlauer Till F. M.,
Arolt Volker,
Baune Bernhard T.,
Binder Elisabeth B.,
Blackwood Douglas H. R.,
Boomsma Dorret I.,
Campbell Archie,
Cearns Micah,
Czamara Darina,
Dannlowski Udo,
Domschke Katharina,
Geus Eco J. C.,
Hamilton Steven P.,
Hayward Caroline,
Hickie Ian B.,
Hottenga Jouke Jan,
Ising Marcus,
Jones Ian,
Jones Lisa,
Kutalik Zoltan,
Lucae Susanne,
Martin Nicholas G.,
Milaneschi Yuri,
MuellerMyhsok Bertram,
Owen Michael J.,
Padmanabhan Sandosh,
Penninx Brenda W. J. H.,
Pistis Giorgio,
Porteous David J.,
Preisig Martin,
Ripke Stephan,
Shyn Stanley I.,
Sullivan Patrick F.,
Whitfield John B.,
Wray Naomi R.,
McIntosh Andrew M.,
Deary Ian J.,
Breen Gerome,
Lewis Cathryn M.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
american journal of medical genetics part b: neuropsychiatric genetics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.393
H-Index - 126
eISSN - 1552-485X
pISSN - 1552-4841
DOI - 10.1002/ajmg.b.32807
Subject(s) - depression (economics) , body mass index , medicine , etiology , diabetes mellitus , comorbidity , coronary artery disease , type 2 diabetes , disease , stroke (engine) , psychiatry , endocrinology , mechanical engineering , engineering , economics , macroeconomics
It is imperative to understand the specific and shared etiologies of major depression and cardio‐metabolic disease, as both traits are frequently comorbid and each represents a major burden to society. This study examined whether there is a genetic association between major depression and cardio‐metabolic traits and if this association is stratified by age at onset for major depression. Polygenic risk scores analysis and linkage disequilibrium score regression was performed to examine whether differences in shared genetic etiology exist between depression case control status ( N cases = 40,940, N controls = 67,532), earlier ( N = 15,844), and later onset depression ( N = 15,800) with body mass index, coronary artery disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes in 11 data sets from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Generation Scotland, and UK Biobank. All cardio‐metabolic polygenic risk scores were associated with depression status. Significant genetic correlations were found between depression and body mass index, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes. Higher polygenic risk for body mass index, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes was associated with both early and later onset depression, while higher polygenic risk for stroke was associated with later onset depression only. Significant genetic correlations were found between body mass index and later onset depression, and between coronary artery disease and both early and late onset depression. The phenotypic associations between major depression and cardio‐metabolic traits may partly reflect their overlapping genetic etiology irrespective of the age depression first presents.