Premium
The effect of smoking on MAOA promoter methylation in DNA prepared from lymphoblasts and whole blood
Author(s) -
Philibert Robert A.,
Beach Steven R.H.,
Gunter Tracy D.,
Brody Gene H.,
Madan Anup,
Gerrard Meg
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
american journal of medical genetics part b: neuropsychiatric genetics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.393
H-Index - 126
eISSN - 1552-485X
pISSN - 1552-4841
DOI - 10.1002/ajmg.b.31031
Subject(s) - lymphoblast , dna methylation , methylation , whole blood , dna , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , medicine , genetics , chemistry , gene , cell culture , gene expression
Prior work using lymphoblast DNA prepared from 192 subjects from the Iowa Adoption Studies (IAS) demonstrated that decreased MAOA promoter methylation was associated with lifetime symptom count for nicotine dependence (ND) and provided suggestive evidence that the amount of methylation is genotype dependent. In the current investigation, we replicate and extend these prior findings in three ways using another 289 IAS subjects and the same methodologies. First, we show that methylation is dependent on current smoking status. Second, we introduce a factor analytic approach to DNA methylation, highlighting three distinct regions of the promoter that may function in somewhat different ways for males and females. Third, we directly compare the methylation signatures in DNA prepared from whole blood and lymphoblasts from a subset of these subjects and provide suggestive evidence favoring the use of lymphoblast DNA. We conclude that smoking reliably decreases MAOA methylation, but exact characterization of effects on level of methylation depend on genotype, smoking history, current smoking status, gender, and region of the promoter‐associated CpG Island examined. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.