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Defining dysmorphic facial features in congenital Zika syndrome
Author(s) -
Fonteles Cristiane Sá Roriz,
Monteiro Francisco César,
Bastos Vasconcelos Rebeca,
Jalles Monteiro André,
Maia Chaves Júnior Cauby,
Franco Marçal Felipe,
Asfor Rocha Carvalho Martins Renata,
Pereira de Oliveira Ana Lalessa,
Sá Cavalcante Grisielle,
Palhano Toscano Bianca,
Costa Figueiredo Lopes Thayse Elaine,
Gurgel Costa Fabio Wildson,
Rodrigues Ribeiro Thyciana,
Verçosa Islane Maria Castro,
Pessoa André Luiz Santos,
Pamplona de Góes Cavalcanti Luciano,
Ribeiro Erlane Marques
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
american journal of medical genetics part a
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.064
H-Index - 112
eISSN - 1552-4833
pISSN - 1552-4825
DOI - 10.1002/ajmg.a.61980
Subject(s) - chin , medicine , cephalometry , orthodontics , anatomy
Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) constitutes a recently identified malformation caused by Zika virus infection during pregnancy. Limited data is available to date on the facial dysmorphic features of these patients. This study evaluated the facial dysmorphisms of children with CZS, compared with clinically healthy children, using clinical examination and standardized photographic images. Sixty‐three children with CZS (9.70 ± 3.2 months‐age), and 31 Controls (8.67 ± 6.2 months‐age) joined the study. Seven out of 15 indices differed between groups: midfacial height (MFH)/horizontal facial reference (HFR) ( p = .0003), interalar distance/HFR ( p = .0027), nasal root depth/MFH ( p = .0030), posterior nasal length/MFH ( p = .0002), vertical position of the ear/MFH ( p <.0001), ear length/MFH ( p = .0005), chin height/total facial height (CH/TFH) ( p <.0001). A CH/TFH of 0.229 showed 93.9% sensitivity and 80.6% specificity in diagnosing CZS. Children with CZS had broad, short faces, decreased intercanthal distance, short posterior nasal length, prominent nasal root, broad nasal wings, and high‐set and long ears. Increased chin height index provided the most accurate diagnostic potential.