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Gain‐of‐function pathogenic variants in SMAD4 are associated with neoplasia in Myhre syndrome
Author(s) -
Lin Angela E.,
Alali Abdulrazak,
Starr Lois J.,
Shah Nidhi,
Beavis Anna,
Pereira Elaine M.,
Lindsay Mark E.,
Klugman Susan
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
american journal of medical genetics part a
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.064
H-Index - 112
eISSN - 1552-4833
pISSN - 1552-4825
DOI - 10.1002/ajmg.a.61430
Subject(s) - medicine , short stature , loss function , exome sequencing , cancer , endometrial cancer , pathology , phenotype , genetics , biology , gene
Myhre syndrome is an increasingly diagnosed rare syndrome that is caused by one of two specific heterozygous gain‐of‐function pathogenic variants in SMAD4 . The phenotype includes short stature, characteristic facial appearance, hearing loss, laryngotracheal stenosis, arthritis, skeletal abnormalities, learning and social challenges, distinctive cardiovascular defects, and a striking fibroproliferative response in the ear canals, airways, and serosal cavities (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). Confirmation of the clinical diagnosis is usually prompted by the characteristic appearance with developmental delay and autistic‐like behavior using targeted gene sequencing or by whole exome sequencing. We describe six patients (two not previously reported) with molecularly confirmed Myhre syndrome and neoplasia. Loss‐of‐function pathogenic variants in SMAD4 cause juvenile polyposis syndrome and we hypothesize that the gain‐of‐function pathogenic variants observed in Myhre syndrome may contribute to neoplasia in the patients reported herein. The frequency of neoplasia (9.8%, 6/61) in this series (two new, four reported patients) and endometrial cancer (8.8%, 3/34, mean age 40 years) in patients with Myhre syndrome, raises the possibility of cancer susceptibility in these patients. We alert clinicians to the possibility of detecting this syndrome when cancer screening panels are used. We propose that patients with Myhre syndrome are more susceptible to neoplasia, encourage increased awareness, and suggest enhanced clinical monitoring.