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Sprengel anomaly in deletion 22q11.2 (DiGeorge/Velo–Cardio–Facial) syndrome
Author(s) -
Radio Francesca Clementina,
Digilio Maria Cristina,
Capolino Rossella,
Dentici Maria Lisa,
Unolt Marta,
Alesi Viola,
Novelli Antonio,
Marino Bruno,
Dallapiccola Bruno
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
american journal of medical genetics part a
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.064
H-Index - 112
eISSN - 1552-4833
pISSN - 1552-4825
DOI - 10.1002/ajmg.a.37503
Subject(s) - digeorge syndrome , scapula , medicine , etiology , anatomy , neural crest , pathology , biology , genetics , embryo , psychiatry
Sprengel anomaly (SA) is a rare skeletal defect characterized by uni‐ or bi‐lateral elevation of the scapula. This anomaly is often isolated, although it can occur in association with other defects, including cervical spine malformations, cleft palate, and facial anomalies. Neural crest migration anomalies have been involved in the etiology of SA. Since the same embryological pathway accounts for some of the clinical features of deletion 22q11.2 syndrome (del22q11.2; DiGeorge/Velo–Cardio–Facial syndrome), we investigated the occurrence of SA in a consecutive series of 235 del22q11.2 patients aged more than 2 years, undergoing a complete clinical and orthopedic assessment of the dorsal and thoracic skeleton. In the present series, two patients were diagnosed with true SA. Present results and published reports suggest that scapular involvement including SA occurs in 1–2% of del22q11.2 individuals. Accordingly, this anomaly should be investigated as one of the possible skeletal findings of del22q11.2 syndrome, while this diagnosis should be excluded in patients presenting with SA associated with other defects. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.