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Smoking imputation and lung cancer in railroad workers exposed to diesel exhaust
Author(s) -
Garshick Eric,
Laden Francine,
Hart Jaime E.,
Smith Thomas J.,
Rosner Bernard
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
american journal of industrial medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.7
H-Index - 104
eISSN - 1097-0274
pISSN - 0271-3586
DOI - 10.1002/ajim.20344
Subject(s) - medicine , lung cancer , cohort , environmental health , confounding , cohort study , diesel exhaust , demography , epidemiology , relative risk , diesel fuel , confidence interval , waste management , sociology , engineering
Background An association between diesel exhaust exposure and lung cancer mortality in a large retrospective cohort study of US railroad workers has previously been reported. However, specific information regarding cigarette smoking was unavailable. Methods Birth cohort, age, job, and cause of death specific smoking histories from a companion case‐control study were used to impute smoking behavior for 39,388 railroad workers who died 1959–1996. Mortality analyses incorporated the effect of smoking on lung cancer risk. Results The smoking adjusted relative risk of lung cancer in railroad workers exposed to diesel exhaust compared to unexposed workers was 1.22 (95% CI = 1.12–1.32), and unadjusted for smoking the relative risk was 1.35 (95% CI = 1.24–1.46). Conclusions These analyses illustrate the use of imputation in record‐based occupational health studies to assess potential confounding due to smoking. In this cohort, small differences in smoking behavior between diesel exposed and unexposed workers did not explain the elevated lung cancer risk. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.