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Moving knowledge of global burden into preventive action
Author(s) -
Eijkemans Gerry J.M.,
Takala Jukka
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
american journal of industrial medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.7
H-Index - 104
eISSN - 1097-0274
pISSN - 0271-3586
DOI - 10.1002/ajim.20227
Subject(s) - medicine , environmental health , disease burden , psychological intervention , years of potential life lost , occupational safety and health , pneumoconiosis , occupational disease , global health , attributable risk , public health , life expectancy , population , pathology , nursing
Background Estimation of the global burden of disease and injury due to selected occupational factors is a topic of interest to policy makers, governments, and international bodies. The World Health Organization (WHO) has implemented a Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) to estimate risk to exposed populations. Methods Estimates of the risk factor‐burden relationships by age, sex, and WHO subregion were generated. Risk measurements (relative risks and mortality rates) for the health outcomes were determined primarily from studies published in peer review journals. The resulting burden was described as the attributable fraction of disease or injury, using both mortality and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs). Results The papers in this issue include discussions of worldwide mortality and morbidity from lung cancer, leukemia, and malignant mesothelioma arising from occupational exposures; mortality and morbidity from asthma, COPD, and pneumoconiosis; the global burden of low back pain; exposure to contaminated sharps injuries among health care workers; noise‐induced hearing loss; and occupational injuries. Three papers focus on economic issues: estimation of net‐costs for prevention of occupational low back pain; cost effectiveness of occupational health interventions; and the cost effectiveness of interventions in the prevention of silicosis. Conclusions The magnitude of the occupational health burden in the world is overwhelming, and the causes and mechanisms are multiple and complex. Commitment from all stakeholders is imperative to translate economic progress into sustainable human development and well‐being. Am. J. Ind. Med. 48:395–399, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.