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An integrative approach to studying plasticity in growth disruption and outcomes: A bioarchaeological case study of Napoleonic soldiers
Author(s) -
Holder Sammantha,
Miliauskienė Žydrūnė,
Jankauskas Rimantas,
Dupras Tosha
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
american journal of human biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.559
H-Index - 81
eISSN - 1520-6300
pISSN - 1042-0533
DOI - 10.1002/ajhb.23457
Subject(s) - demography , linear regression , femur , regression analysis , multilevel model , statistic , linear growth , medicine , statistics , surgery , mathematics , sociology
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate how much variation in adult stature and body mass can be explained by growth disruption among soldiers who served in Napoleon's Grand Army during the Russian Campaign of 1812. Methods Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) were recorded as representations of early life growth disruption, while the impact on future growth was assessed using maximum femur length (n = 73) as a proxy for stature and maximum femoral head diameter (n = 25) as a proxy for body mass. LEH frequency, severity, age at first formation, and age at last formation served as explanatory variables in a multiple regression analysis to test the effect of these variables on maximum femur length and maximum femoral head diameter. Results The multiple regression model produced statistically significant results for maximum femur length ( F ‐statistic = 3.05, df = 5 and 67, P = .02), with some variation in stature (adjusted r 2 = 0.13) attributable to variation in growth disruption. The multiple regression model for maximum femoral head diameter was not statistically significant ( F ‐statistic = 1.87, df = 5 and 19, P = .15). Conclusions We hypothesized stress events during early life growth and development would have significant, negative, and cumulative effects on growth outcomes in adulthood. The results did not support our hypothesis. Instead, some variables and interactions had negative effects on stature, whereas others had positive effects. This is likely due to catch‐up growth, the relationship between acute and chronic stress and growth, resilience, and plasticity in human growth over the life course.