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Acute myeloid leukemia: 2021 update on risk‐stratification and management
Author(s) -
Estey Elihu H.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
american journal of hematology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.456
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1096-8652
pISSN - 0361-8609
DOI - 10.1002/ajh.25975
Subject(s) - medicine , gemtuzumab ozogamicin , intensive care medicine , venetoclax , midostaurin , clinical trial , context (archaeology) , palliative care , myeloid leukemia , disease , randomized controlled trial , oncology , leukemia , cd33 , chronic lymphocytic leukemia , paleontology , genetics , nursing , stem cell , cd34 , biology
Management of AML involves choosing between purely palliative care, standard therapy and investigational therapy (“clinical trial”). Even most older patients likely benefit from treatment. Based on randomized trials CPX 351, midostaurin, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, and venetoclax, the latter three when combined with other drugs, should now be considered standard therapy. Knowledge of the likely results with these therapies is essential in deciding whether to recommend them or participate in a clinical trial, possibly including these drugs. Hence here, in the context of established prognostic algorithms, we review results with the recently‐ approved drugs compared with their predecessors and describe other potential options. We discuss benefit/risk ratios underlying the decision to offer allogeneic transplant and emphasize the importance of measurable residual disease. When first seeing a newly‐diagnosed patient physicians must decide whether to offer conventional treatment or investigational therapy, the latter preferably in the context of a clinical trial. As noted below, such trials have led to changes in what today is considered “conventional” therapy compared to even 1‐2 years ago. In older patients decision making has often included inquiring whether specific anti‐AML therapy should be offered at all, rather than focusing on a purely palliative approach emphasizing transfusion and antibiotic support, with involvement of a palliative care specialist.