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Thrombocytopenic conditions—autoimmunity and hypercoagulability: Commonalities and differences in ITP, TTP, HIT, and APS
Author(s) -
Kravitz Martine Szyper,
Shoenfeld Yehuda
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
american journal of hematology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.456
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1096-8652
pISSN - 0361-8609
DOI - 10.1002/ajh.20408
Subject(s) - medicine , thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura , autoimmunity , antiphospholipid syndrome , immunology , autoantibody , thrombosis , pathogenesis , immune system , platelet , hemostasis , heparin induced thrombocytopenia , antibody
Abstract Immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP), thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP), heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are clinical conditions associated with significant morbidity and mortality. These well‐defined clinical syndromes have in common several properties: (1) their pathogenesis is immune mediated, specifically by autoantibodies; (2) thrombocytopenia is a hallmark in these four conditions; (3) except for the case of ITP, platelet and endothelial cell activation occurs in TTP, HIT, and APS, resulting in a prothrombotic state and an increased risk of thrombosis. Although these four immune‐mediated syndromes are well‐defined diseases, several case reports and studies have documented the association of two diseases in the same patient, illustrating the concept of the kaleidoscope of autoimmunity. Am. J. Hematol. 80:232–242, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.