Open AccessNovel Stimuli‐Responsive Turbostratic Oxides/Hydroxides for Material‐Driven Robots
Author(s) -
Kwan Kin Wa,
Wu Runni,
Ma Wenrui,
Ngan Alfonso H. W.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
advanced intelligent systems
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2640-4567
DOI - 10.1002/aisy.202000215
Subject(s) - materials science , cobalt , hydroxide , nickel , layered double hydroxides , electrochemistry , crystal structure , crystal (programming language) , chemical engineering , inorganic chemistry , metallurgy , electrode , chemistry , crystallography , computer science , programming language , engineering
Herein, a novel class of high‐performing actuating oxides/hydroxides with turbostratic crystal structures is reviewed. These materials, including nickel hydroxide/oxyhydroxide, cobalt oxides/hydroxides, nickel‐doped cobalt oxides/hydroxides, and manganese oxides, exhibit a volume‐changing redox reaction, rendering them an electrochemical actuation behavior. Also, due to their turbostratic crystal structures, they typically exhibit light‐driven actuation due to water deintercalation from the crystal structure induced by light. Compared with other actuating materials, these oxides/hydroxides actuate with high stress and strain at fast rates, under very low stimuli requirements. Furthermore, they are easily printable on different substrates, thus allowing flexible robots with demodularized muscle‐skeletal designs to be made.