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Effects of diffusion‐controlled reactions on atom‐transfer radical polymerization
Author(s) -
DelgadilloVelázquez Omar,
VivaldoLima Eduardo,
QuinteroOrtega Iraís A.,
Zhu Shiping
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
aiche journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.958
H-Index - 167
eISSN - 1547-5905
pISSN - 0001-1541
DOI - 10.1002/aic.690481118
Subject(s) - atom transfer radical polymerization , chemistry , diffusion , photochemistry , methyl methacrylate , methyl acrylate , radical polymerization , polymerization , styrene , chain transfer , catalysis , living free radical polymerization , chain termination , polymer chemistry , chemical physics , monomer , polymer , organic chemistry , thermodynamics , copolymer , physics
A kinetic model incorporating effects of diffusion‐controlled reactions on atom‐transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was developed. The reactions considered to be diffusion‐controlled are monomer propagation, bimolecular radical termination, chain transfer between propagating radical and catalyst, and transfer to small molecules. Model predictions indicate that a diffusion‐controlled propagation reduces the “living” behavior of the system, whereas a diffusion‐controlled termination enhances its livingness. When diffusion‐controlled transfer between chains and catalyst is considered the same in the forward and backward directions, the livingness of the system is enhanced, but if one of them is kept unchanged while the other is increased, the livingness of the system is reduced. When diffusion‐controlled termination is important, our simulations show that the overall effect of diffusion‐controlled phenomena in ATRP is to enhance the livingness of the system. Experimental data from the literature for styrene, methyl methacrylate, and methyl acrylate ATRP homopolymerizations validate the kinetic model.