Open AccessLow one‐repetition‐maximum knee extension is significantly associated with poor grip strength, female sex, and various aging‐related syndromes
Author(s) -
Singhal Sunny,
Bansal Rishav,
Dewangan Gevesh Chand,
Upadhyay Ashish Datt,
Dwivedi Sada Nand,
Chatterjee Prashun,
Chakrawarty Avinash,
Dey Aparajit Ballav
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
aging medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2475-0360
DOI - 10.1002/agm2.12109
Subject(s) - sarcopenia , grip strength , medicine , geriatric depression scale , depression (economics) , physical therapy , osteoporosis , geriatrics , muscle strength , dual energy , gerontology , physical medicine and rehabilitation , depressive symptoms , cognition , psychiatry , bone mineral , economics , macroeconomics
Objective Muscle strength in older adults is usually measured according to grip strength, which demonstrates upper muscle strength only. In this study, we used one‐repetition‐maximum (1‐RM) knee extension as a measure of lower limb strength and assessed its relationship with grip strength and various geriatric syndromes. Methods One hundred outpatients over the age of 65 years were recruited from a geriatric medicine center in India. The 1‐RM knee extension was measured along with grip strength. Various geriatric conditions were measured, such as: nutrition (using the Mini Nutritional Assessment), cognition (Hindi Mental State Questionnaire), depression (5‐item Geriatric Depression Scale), frailty (Fried and Rockwood models), and osteoporosis (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan). Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. Results The mean age of participants was 72.5 years with 69% of them male. Median values of 1‐RM knee extension and grip strength were 2.29 (0.5‐10.0) and 17.5 (0‐78), respectively. The 1‐RM knee extension had moderate correlation with grip strength ( r = 0.491, P < 0.001). Among demographic details, only female sex ( P < 0.001) was significantly associated with lower 1‐RM values. Further, after adjusting for age and sex, lower value of log 10 1‐RM knee extension was found to be significantly associated with malnutrition ( P = 0.001), dementia ( P = 0.016), depression ( P = 0.047), frailty (Rockwood: P = 0.049; Fried: P = 0.011), and sarcopenia ( P < 0.001). Conclusion The 1‐RM knee extension has only moderate correlation with grip strength. A lower 1‐RM knee extension value is significantly associated with female sex and various geriatric conditions, such as malnutrition, dementia, depression, frailty, and sarcopenia.