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Nitrogen losses from hard red spring wheat fields in the northern plains
Author(s) -
Chatterjee Amitava,
Veverka Donald,
Carlson Melissa
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
agronomy journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.752
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1435-0645
pISSN - 0002-1962
DOI - 10.1002/agj2.20638
Subject(s) - spring (device) , agronomy , nitrogen , environmental science , winter wheat , biology , chemistry , engineering , mechanical engineering , organic chemistry
Nitrogen dynamics varies spatially in response to complex interactions among weather, soil, and management practices. Twenty‐six spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) fields were studied for N losses, nitrous oxide (N 2 O) flux and ammonia (NH 3 ) volatilization, grain yield and protein concentration in farmers fields in Minnesota and North Dakota of the Red River Valley during 2018– 2020 growing seasons. Spring wheat grain yield ranged from 2.8 to 9.7 Mg ha –1 with protein concentration ranging between 106 and 180 g kg –1 . Average cumulative N 2 O and NH 3 losses were 415 g N 2 O‐N ha –1 and 1.43 kg NH 3 ha –1 , respectively ( n = 26). Spring wheat grain yield ( r = .53, p = .01) had positive association with May rainfall. Grain protein concentration declined with delay in planting ( r = –0.55, p = .01). Linear regression indicates a close association of daily N 2 O flux with soil moisture ( r 2 = .23, p < .01), soil inorganic N concentration ( r 2 = .02, p = .04), and days after planting ( r 2 = .20, p < .01). Soil inorganic N concentration (just after planting) had a positive association with cumulative N 2 O flux ( r = .41, p = .03). This study showed rainfall, soil moisture, and inorganic N concentration play a dominant role in N dynamics across the region.