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Response of kiwifruit yield and fruit quality to chloride‐containing fertilizers
Author(s) -
Yang Lili,
Zhu Zhijun,
Zhang Jinshui,
Gao Yimin,
Wang Xingmei,
Liu Gaoyuan,
Li Na,
Ma Long,
Tong Yanan
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
agronomy journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.752
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1435-0645
pISSN - 0002-1962
DOI - 10.1002/agj2.20074
Subject(s) - actinidia deliciosa , titratable acid , chemistry , chlorine , fertilizer , orchard , chloride , sugar , horticulture , yield (engineering) , zoology , agronomy , food science , biology , materials science , organic chemistry , metallurgy
Abstract A 3‐yr field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of chloride‐containing fertilizer application on the yield and fruit quality of kiwifruit and the distribution of chloride ions (Cl – ) in plants and soil. Five chlorine treatments were applied in a 10‐yr‐old kiwifruit ( Actinidia deliciosa ‘Hayward’) orchard: (1) CO(NH 2 ) 2 + Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 + K 2 SO 4 (control, 0 kg Cl ha −1 ); (2) CO(NH 2 ) 2 + Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 + 1/2KCl + 1/2K 2 SO 4 (170 kg Cl ha −1 ); (3) CO(NH 2 ) 2 + Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 + KCl (340 kg Cl ha −1 ); (4) 1/2CO(NH 2 ) 2 + 1/2NH 4 Cl + Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 + KCl (910 kg Cl ha −1 ); and (5) NH 4 Cl + Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 + KCl (1480 kg Cl ha −1 ). In terms of the 3‐yr average (2015–2017), a higher yield of kiwifruit was obtained under chlorine treatments at levels of 170 and 340 kg Cl ha −1 , which increased by 18 and 12.5% compared with the control. Despite no significant differences in fruit soluble solids, titratable acid, and soluble sugar contents, all chlorine treatments, especially 910 and 1480 kg Cl ha −1 , resulted in less vitamin C content after 3 yr of application compared with the control. Increasing chlorine application increased Cl – concentrations in both the plants and soil; however, maximum concentrations did not exceed the safe concentrations (<20 g kg −1 and < 400 mg kg −1 , respectively). In conclusion, applying a restricted amount of chloride‐containing fertilizers (170–340 kg Cl ha −1 ) could increase kiwifruit yield under the experimental conditions, with no harm to plant leaves or soil.