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Formation of High‐Performance Multi‐Cation Halide Perovskites Photovoltaics by δ‐CsPbI 3 /δ‐RbPbI 3 Seed‐Assisted Heterogeneous Nucleation
Author(s) -
Alharbi Essa A.,
Baumeler Thomas P.,
Krishna Anurag,
Alyamani Ahmed Y.,
Eickemeyer Felix T.,
Ouellette Olivier,
Pan Linfeng,
Alghamdi Fahad S.,
Wang Zaiwei,
Alotaibi Mohammad Hayal,
Yang Bowen,
Almalki Masaud,
Mensi Mounir D.,
Albrithen Hamad,
Albadri Abdulrahman,
Hagfeldt Anders,
Zakeeruddin Shaik M.,
Grätzel Michael
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.202003785
Subject(s) - formamidinium , materials science , energy conversion efficiency , nucleation , halide , perovskite (structure) , crystallinity , chemical engineering , orthorhombic crystal system , photovoltaics , solar cell , nanotechnology , inorganic chemistry , optoelectronics , photovoltaic system , crystallography , crystal structure , chemistry , organic chemistry , composite material , ecology , engineering , biology
The performance of perovskite solar cells is highly dependent on the fabrication method; thus, controlling the growth mechanism of perovskite crystals is a promising way towards increasing their efficiency and stability. Herein, a multi‐cation halide composition of perovskite solar cells is engineered via the two‐step sequential deposition method. Strikingly, it is found that adding mixtures of 1D polymorphs of orthorhombic δ‐RbPbI 3 and δ‐CsPbI 3 to the PbI 2 precursor solution induces the formation of porous mesostructured hexagonal films. This porosity greatly facilitates the heterogeneous nucleation and the penetration of FA (formamidinium)/MA (methylammonium) cations within the PbI 2 film. Thus, the subsequent conversion of PbI 2 into the desired multication cubic α‐structure by exposing it to a solution of formamidinium methylammonium halides is greatly enhanced. During the conversion step, the δ‐CsPbI 3 also is fully integrated into the 3D mixed cation perovskite lattice, which exhibits high crystallinity and superior optoelectronic properties. The champion device shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 22%. Furthermore, these devices exhibit enhanced operational stability, with the best device retaining more than 90% of its initial value of PCE under 1 Sun illumination with maximum power point tracking for 400 h.