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Li + Pre‐Insertion Leads to Formation of Solid Electrolyte Interface on TiO 2 Nanotubes That Enables High‐Performance Anodes for Sodium Ion Batteries
Author(s) -
Cha Gihoon,
Mohajernia Shiva,
Nguyen Nhat Truong,
Mazare Anca,
Denisov Nikita,
Hwang Imgon,
Schmuki Patrik
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201903448
Subject(s) - materials science , electrolyte , anode , anatase , electrode , conductivity , ion , chemical engineering , sodium , lithium (medication) , nanotube , nanotechnology , carbon nanotube , chemistry , catalysis , metallurgy , medicine , biochemistry , organic chemistry , photocatalysis , engineering , endocrinology
Recently, sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have been widely investigated as one of the most promising candidates for replacing lithium ion batteries (LIBs). For SIBs or LIBs, designing a stable and uniform solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the electrode–electrolyte interface is the key factor to provide high capacity, long‐term cycling, and high‐rate performance. In this paper, it is described how a remarkably enhanced SEI layer can be obtained on TiO 2 nanotube (TiO 2 NTs) arrays that allows for a strongly improved performance of sodium battery systems. Key is that a Li + pre‐insertion in TiO 2 NTs can condition the SEI for Na + replacement. SIBs constructed with Li‐pre‐inserted NTs deliver an exceptional Na + cycling stability (e.g., 99.9 ± 0.1% capacity retention during 250 cycles at a current rate of 50 mA g −1 ) and an excellent rate capability (e.g., 132 mA h g −1 at a current rate of 1 A g −1 ). The key factor in this outstanding performance is that Li‐pre‐insertion into TiO 2 NTs leads not only to an enhanced electronic conductivity in the tubes, but also expands the anatase lattice for facilitated subsequent Na + cycling.