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Accurate Control Multiple Active Sites of Carbonaceous Anode for High Performance Sodium Storage: Insights into Capacitive Contribution Mechanism
Author(s) -
Lu Yun,
Liang Jianing,
Hu Yezhou,
Liu Yi,
Chen Ke,
Deng Shaofeng,
Wang Deli
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201903312
Subject(s) - materials science , heteroatom , anode , chemical engineering , doping , polymerization , carbon fibers , capacitance , nanotechnology , organic chemistry , composite material , polymer , optoelectronics , chemistry , electrode , engineering , ring (chemistry) , composite number
Heteroatom doping is widely recognized as an appealing strategy to break the capacitance limitation of carbonaceous materials toward sodium storage. However, the concrete effects, especially for heteroatomic phase transformation, during the sodium storage reaction remain a confusing topic. Here, a novel hypercrosslinked polymerization approach is demonstrated to fabricate pyrrole/thiophene hypercrosslinked microporous copolymer and further give porous carbonaceous materials with accurately regulated N/S dual doping corresponding to starting feeding ratios. Significantly, the N doping contributes to the conductivity and surface wettability, while the S doping is bridged to build stable active sites, which can be electrochemically converted into mercaptan anions via faraday reaction and further enhancing reversible capacities. Meanwhile, the abundant S doping can also conduce to the expanded interlayer spacing to shorten the ions diffusion distance, thus optimizing the reaction kinetic. As a result, the N 0.2 S 0.8 ‐micro‐dominant porous carbon delivers the highest reversible capacity of 521 mAh g −1 at 100 mA g −1 and excellent cyclic stability over 2000 cycles at 2000 mA g −1 with a capacity decay of 0.0145 mAh g −1 per cycle. This work is anticipated to provide an in‐depth understanding of capacitance contribution and illuminate the heteroatomic phase transformation during sodium storage reactions for doping carbonaceous anodes.