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Going beyond Intercalation Capacity of Aqueous Batteries by Exploiting Conversion Reactions of Mn and Zn electrodes for Energy‐Dense Applications
Author(s) -
Yadav Gautam G.,
Cho Jungsang,
Turney Damon,
Hawkins Brendan,
Wei Xia,
Huang Jinchao,
Banerjee Sanjoy,
Nyce Michael
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201902270
Subject(s) - intercalation (chemistry) , materials science , aqueous solution , anode , spinel , manganese , lithium (medication) , chemical engineering , battery (electricity) , inorganic chemistry , vanadium , electrode , vanadium oxide , chemistry , metallurgy , medicine , power (physics) , physics , quantum mechanics , engineering , endocrinology
The recent trend in zinc (Zn) anode aqueous batteries has been to explore layered structures like manganese dioxides and vanadium oxides as Zn‐ion intercalation hosts. These structures, although novel, face limitations like their layered counterparts in lithium (Li)‐ion batteries, where the capacity is limited to the host's intercalation capacity. In this paper, a new strategy is proposed in enabling new generation of energy dense aqueous‐based batteries, where the conversion reactions of rock salt/spinel manganese oxides and carbon nanotube‐nested nanosized Zn electrodes are exploited to extract significantly higher capacity compared to intercalation systems. Accessing the conversion reactions allows to achieve high capacities of 750 mAh g −1 (≈30 mAh cm −2 ) from manganese oxide (MnO) and 810 mAh g −1 (≈30 mAh cm −2 ) from nanoscale Zn anodes, respectively. The high areal capacities help to attain unprecedented energy densities of 210 Wh per L‐cell and 320 Wh per kg‐total (398 Wh per kg‐active) from aqueous MnO|CNT‐Zn batteries, which allows an assessment of its viable use in a small‐scale automobile.