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Drying Dynamics of Solution‐Processed Perovskite Thin‐Film Photovoltaics: In Situ Characterization, Modeling, and Process Control
Author(s) -
Ternes Simon,
Börnhorst Tobias,
Schwenzer Jonas A.,
Hossain Ihteaz M.,
Abzieher Tobias,
Mehlmann Waldemar,
Lemmer Uli,
Scharfer Philip,
Schabel Wilhelm,
Richards Bryce S.,
Paetzold Ulrich W.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201901581
Subject(s) - materials science , thin film , perovskite (structure) , roll to roll processing , photovoltaics , deposition (geology) , nanotechnology , chemical engineering , photovoltaic system , electrical engineering , paleontology , sediment , engineering , biology
A key challenge for the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics is the transfer of high‐quality spin coated perovskite thin‐films toward applying industry‐scale thin‐film deposition techniques, such as slot‐die coating, spray coating, screen printing, or inkjet printing. Due to the complexity of the formation of polycrystalline perovskite thin‐films from the precursor solution, efficient strategies for process transfer require advancing the understanding of the involved dynamic processes. This work investigates the fundamental interrelation between the drying dynamics of the precursor solution thin‐film and the quality of the blade coated polycrystalline perovskite thin‐films. Precisely defined drying conditions are established using a temperature‐stabilized drying channel purged with a laminar flow of dry air. The dedicated channel is equipped with laser reflectometry at multiple probing positions, allowing for in situ monitoring of the perovskite solution thin‐film thickness during the drying process. Based on the drying dynamics as measured at varying drying parameters, namely at varying temperature and laminar air flow velocity, a quantitative model on the drying of perovskite thin‐films is derived. This model enables process transfer to industry‐scale deposition systems beyond brute force optimization. Via this approach, homogeneous and pinhole‐free blade coated perovskite thin‐films are fabricated, demonstrating high power conversion efficiencies of up to 19.5% (17.3% stabilized) in perovskite solar cells.