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A High‐Performance Monolithic Solid‐State Sodium Battery with Ca 2+ Doped Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12 Electrolyte
Author(s) -
Lu Yao,
Alonso Jose A.,
Yi Qiang,
Lu Liang,
Wang Zhong Lin,
Sun Chunwen
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201901205
Subject(s) - materials science , electrolyte , electrochemistry , anode , ionic conductivity , sodium ion battery , cathode , sodium , conductivity , doping , polarization (electrochemistry) , chemical engineering , battery (electricity) , ionic bonding , electrode , ion , optoelectronics , chemistry , metallurgy , power (physics) , physics , organic chemistry , faraday efficiency , quantum mechanics , engineering
Solid‐state sodium batteries (SSSBs) are promising electrochemical energy storage devices due to their high energy density, high safety, and abundant resource of sodium. However, low conductivity of solid electrolyte as well as high interfacial resistance between electrolyte and electrodes are two main challenges for practical application. To address these issues, pure phase Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12 (NZSP) materials with Ca 2+ substitution for Zr 4+ are synthesized by a sol‐gel method. It shows a high ionic conductivity of more than 10 −3 S cm −1 at 25 °C. Moreover, a robust SSSB is developed by integrating sodium metal anodes into NZSP‐type monolithic architecture, forming a 3D electronic and ionic conducting network. The interfacial resistance is remarkably reduced and the monolithic symmetric cell displays stable sodium platting/striping cycles with low polarization for over 600 h. Furthermore, by combining sodium metal anode with Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 cathode, an SSSB is demonstrated with high rate capability and excellent cyclability. After 450 cycles, the capacity of the cell is still kept at 94.9 mAh g −1 at 1 C. This unique design of monolithic electrolyte architecture provides a promising strategy toward realizing high‐performance SSSBs.