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Controllable Perovskite Crystallization via Antisolvent Technique Using Chloride Additives for Highly Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Author(s) -
Tavakoli Mohammad Mahdi,
Yadav Pankaj,
Prochowicz Daniel,
Sponseller Melany,
Osherov Anna,
Bulović Vladimir,
Kong Jing
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201803587
Subject(s) - materials science , perovskite (structure) , formamidinium , crystallinity , halide , grain boundary , energy conversion efficiency , crystallization , chemical engineering , layer (electronics) , perovskite solar cell , grain size , photoluminescence , optoelectronics , inorganic chemistry , nanotechnology , composite material , microstructure , chemistry , engineering
The presence of surface and grain boundary defects in organic–inorganic halide perovskite films can be detrimental to both the performance and operational stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, the effect of chloride additives is studied on the bulk and surface defects of the mixed cation and halide PSCs. It is found that using an antisolvent technique, the perovskite film is divided into two layers, i.e., a bottom layer with large grains and a thin capping layer with small grains. The addition of formamidinium chloride (FACl) into the precursor solution removes the small‐grained perovskite capping layer and suppresses the formation of bulk and surface defects, providing a perovskite film with enhanced crystallinity and large grain size of over 1 µm. Time‐resolved photoluminescence measurements show longer lifetimes for perovskite films modified by FACl and subsequently passivated by 1‐adamantylamine hydrochloride as compared to the reference sample. Impedance spectroscopy measurements show that these treatments reduce the recombination in the PSCs, leading to a champion device with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.2%, an open circuit voltage of 1152 mV and negligible hysteresis. The Cl treated PSC also shows improved operational stability with only 12% PCE loss after 700 h under continuous illumination.