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New Binder‐Free Metal Phosphide–Carbon Felt Composite Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Battery
Author(s) -
Sun Dan,
Zhu Xiaobo,
Luo Bin,
Zhang Yu,
Tang Yougen,
Wang Haiyan,
Wang Lianzhou
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201801197
Subject(s) - anode , materials science , phosphide , electrolyte , battery (electricity) , mesoporous material , sodium ion battery , electrochemistry , chemical engineering , composite number , cathode , electrode , metal , nanotechnology , composite material , metallurgy , catalysis , chemistry , power (physics) , physics , biochemistry , quantum mechanics , faraday efficiency , engineering
Metal phosphides are promising anode candidates for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high specific capacity and low operating potential but suffer from poor cycling stability caused by huge volume expansion and poor solid‐state ion transfer rate. Herein, a new strategy to grow a new class of mesoporous metal phosphide nanoarrays on carbon felt (CF) as binder‐free anodes for SIBs is reported. The resultant integrated electrodes demonstrate excellent cycling life up to 1000 times (>90% retention rate) and high rate capability of 535 mAh g −1 at a current density of 4 A g −1 . Detailed characterization reveals that the synergistic effect of unique mesoporous structure for accommodating huge volume expansion during sodiation/desodiation process, ultrasmall primary particle size (≈10 nm) for providing larger electrode/electrolyte contact area and shorter ion diffusion distance, and 3D conductive networks for facilitating the electrochemical reaction, leads to the extraordinary battery performance. Remarkably, a full SIB using the new CoP 4 /CF anode and a Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 cathode delivers an average operating voltage of ≈3.0 V, a reversible capacity of 553 mAh g −1 , and very high energy density of ≈280 Wh kg −1 for SIBs. A flexible SIB with outstanding mechanical strength based on this binder‐free new anode is also demonstrated.