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Vacuum Deposited Triple‐Cation Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Author(s) -
GilEscrig Lidón,
Momblona Cristina,
LaPlaca MariaGrazia,
Boix Pablo P.,
Sessolo Michele,
Bolink Henk J.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201703506
Subject(s) - halide , perovskite (structure) , materials science , photovoltaics , vacuum deposition , deposition (geology) , thermal stability , energy conversion efficiency , thin film , chemical engineering , solar cell , organic solar cell , doping , ultra high vacuum , optoelectronics , nanotechnology , photovoltaic system , inorganic chemistry , polymer , chemistry , composite material , engineering , ecology , paleontology , sediment , biology
Hybrid lead halide perovskites are promising materials for future photovoltaics applications. Their spectral response can be readily tuned by controlling the halide composition, while their stability is strongly dependent on the film morphology and on the type of organic cation used. Mixed cation and mixed halide systems have led to the most efficient and stable perovskite solar cells reported, so far they are prepared exclusively by solution‐processing. This might be due to the technical difficulties associated with the vacuum deposition from multiple thermal sources, requiring a high level of control over the deposition rate of each precursor during the film formation. In this report, thermal vacuum deposition with multiple sources (3 and 4) is used to prepare for the first time, multications/anions perovskite compounds. These thin‐film absorbers are implemented into fully vacuum deposited solar cells using doped organic semiconductors. A maximum power conversion efficiency of 16% is obtained, with promising device stability. The importance of the control over the film morphology is highlighted, which differs substantially when these compounds are vacuum processed. Avenues to improve the morphology and hence the performance of fully vacuum processed multications/anions perovskite solar cells are proposed.