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Highly Reproducible Sn‐Based Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells with 9% Efficiency
Author(s) -
Shao Shuyan,
Liu Jian,
Portale Giuseppe,
Fang HongHua,
Blake Graeme R.,
ten Brink Gert H.,
Koster L. Jan Anton,
Loi Maria Antonietta
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201702019
Subject(s) - materials science , formamidinium , orthorhombic crystal system , energy conversion efficiency , perovskite (structure) , iodide , optoelectronics , perovskite solar cell , tin , planar , solar cell , chemical engineering , crystal structure , crystallography , inorganic chemistry , engineering , chemistry , computer graphics (images) , computer science , metallurgy
The low power conversion efficiency (PCE) of tin‐based hybrid perovskite solar cells (HPSCs) is mainly attributed to the high background carrier density due to a high density of intrinsic defects such as Sn vacancies and oxidized species (Sn 4+ ) that characterize Sn‐based HPSCs. Herein, this study reports on the successful reduction of the background carrier density by more than one order of magnitude by depositing near‐single‐crystalline formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI 3 ) films with the orthorhombic a ‐axis in the out‐of‐plane direction. Using these highly crystalline films, obtained by mixing a very small amount (0.08 m ) of layered (2D) Sn perovskite with 0.92 m (3D) FASnI 3 , for the first time a PCE as high as 9.0% in a planar p–i–n device structure is achieved. These devices display negligible hysteresis and light soaking, as they benefit from very low trap‐assisted recombination, low shunt losses, and more efficient charge collection. This represents a 50% improvement in PCE compared to the best reference cell based on a pure FASnI 3 film using SnF 2 as a reducing agent. Moreover, the 2D/3D‐based HPSCs show considerable improved stability due to the enhanced robustness of the perovskite film compared to the reference cell.