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Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells over a Broad Temperature Window: The Role of the Charge Carrier Extraction
Author(s) -
Shao Shuyan,
Liu Jian,
Fang HongHua,
Qiu Li,
ten Brink Gert H.,
Hummelen Jan C.,
Koster L. Jan Anton,
Loi Maria Antonietta
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201701305
Subject(s) - materials science , doping , perovskite (structure) , extraction (chemistry) , charge carrier , energy conversion efficiency , solar cell , optoelectronics , electron , atmospheric temperature range , electron transport chain , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemical physics , chemical engineering , chemistry , thermodynamics , biochemistry , physics , quantum mechanics , engineering , chromatography
The mechanism behind the temperature dependence of the device performance in hybrid perovskite solar cells (HPSCs) is investigated systematically. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the reference cell using [60]PCBM as electron extraction layer (EEL) drops significantly from 11.9% at 295 K to 7% at 180 K. The deteriorated charge carrier extraction is found as the dominant factor causing this degradation. Temperature dependent spectroscopy and charge transport studies demonstrate that the poor electron transport in the [60]PCBM EEL at low temperature leads to inefficient charge carrier extraction. It is further demonstrated that the n‐type doping of [60]PCBM EEL or the use of an EEL (fulleropyrrolidine with a triethylene glycol monoethyl ether side chain) with higher electron transport capability is an effective strategy to achieve HPSCs working efficiently over a broad temperature range. The devices fabricated with these highly performing EELs have PCEs at 180 K of 16.7% and 18.2%, respectively. These results support the idea that the temperature dependence of the electron transport in the EELs limits the device performance in HPSCs, especially at lower temperatures and they also give directions toward further improvement of the PCE of HPSCs at realistic operating temperatures.