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Chemical Synthesis of 3D Graphene‐Like Cages for Sodium‐Ion Batteries Applications
Author(s) -
Cao Xinxin,
Pan Anqiang,
Liu Sainan,
Zhou Jiang,
Li Site,
Cao Guozhong,
Liu Jun,
Liang Shuquan
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201700797
Subject(s) - graphene , materials science , anode , cathode , electrochemistry , chemical engineering , sodium , ion , nanotechnology , electrode , organic chemistry , chemistry , metallurgy , engineering
Sodium (Na) super ion conductor structured Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (NVP) is extensively explored as cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to its large interstitial channels for Na + migration. The synthesis of 3D graphene‐like structure coated on NVP nanoflakes arrays via a one‐pot, solid‐state reaction in molten hydrocarbon is reported. The NVP nanoflakes are uniformly coated by the in situ generated 3D graphene‐like layers with the thickness of 3 nm. As a cathode material, graphene covered NVP nanoflakes exhibit excellent electrochemical performances, including close to theoretical reversible capacity (115.2 mA h g −1 at 1 C), superior rate capability (75.9 mA h g −1 at 200 C), and excellent cyclic stability (62.5% of capacity retention over 30000 cycles at 50 C). Furthermore, the 3D graphene‐like cages after removing NVP also serve as a good anode material and deliver a specific capacity of 242.5 mA h g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 . The full SIB using these two cathode and anode materials delivers a high specific capacity (109.2 mA h g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 ) and good cycling stability (77.1% capacity retention over 200 cycles at 0.1 A g −1 ).