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Hydrogenated Core–Shell MAX@K 2 Ti 8 O 17 Pseudocapacitance with Ultrafast Sodium Storage and Long‐Term Cycling
Author(s) -
Zou Guodong,
Guo Jianxin,
Liu Xianyu,
Zhang Qingrui,
Huang Gang,
Fernandez Carlos,
Peng Qiuming
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201700700
Subject(s) - pseudocapacitance , materials science , sodium , lithium (medication) , ion , intercalation (chemistry) , chemical engineering , electrode , inorganic chemistry , electrochemistry , supercapacitor , chemistry , metallurgy , medicine , organic chemistry , engineering , endocrinology
Sodium‐ion batteries are considered alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries for energy storage devices due to their competitive cost and source abundance. However, the development of electrode materials with long‐term stability and high capacity remains a great challenge. Here, this paper describes for the first time the synthesis of a new class of core–shell MAX@K 2 Ti 8 O 17 by alkaline hydrothermal reaction and hydrogenation of MAX, which grants high sodium ion‐intercalation pseudocapacitance. This composite electrode displays extraordinary reversible capacities of 190 mA h g −1 at 200 mA g −1 (0.9 C, theoretical value of ≈219 mA h g −1 ) and 150 mA h g −1 at 1000 mA g −1 (4.6 C). More importantly, a reversible capacity of 75 mA h g −1 at 10 000 mA g −1 (46 C) is retained without any apparent capacity decay even after more than 10 000 cycles. Experimental tests and first‐principle calculations confirm that the increase in Ti 3+ on the surface layers of MAX@K 2 Ti 8 O 17 by hydrogenation increases its conductivity in addition to enhancing the sodium‐ion intercalation pseudocapacitive process. Furthermore, the distorted dodecahedrons between Ti and O layers not only provide abundant sites for sodium‐ion accommodation but also act as wide tunnels for sodium‐ion transport.