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Low‐Temperature Solution‐Based Phosphorization Reaction Route to Sn 4 P 3 /Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrids as Anodes for Sodium Ion Batteries
Author(s) -
Li Qun,
Li Zhaoqiang,
Zhang Zhiwei,
Li Caixia,
Ma Jingyun,
Wang Chengxiang,
Ge Xiaoli,
Dong Shihua,
Yin Longwei
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201600376
Subject(s) - materials science , anode , graphene , oxide , chemical engineering , current density , mesoporous material , electrochemistry , nanoparticle , porosity , nanotechnology , electrode , catalysis , composite material , metallurgy , organic chemistry , chemistry , physics , quantum mechanics , engineering
Different from previously reported mechanical alloying route to synthesize Sn x P 3 , novel Sn 4 P 3 /reduced graphene oxide (RGO) hybrids are synthesized for the first time through an in situ low‐temperature solution‐based phosphorization reaction route from Sn/RGO. Sn 4 P 3 nanoparticles combining with advantages of high conductivity of Sn and high capacity of P are homogenously loaded on the RGO nanosheets, interconnecting to form 3D mesoporous architecture nanostructures. The Sn 4 P 3 /RGO hybrid architecture materials exhibit significantly improved electrochemical performance of high reversible capacity, high‐rate capability, and excellent cycling performance as sodium ion batteries (SIBs) anode materials, showing an excellent reversible capacity of 656 mA h g −1 at a current density of 100 mA g −1 over 100 cycles, demonstrating a greatly enhanced rate capability of a reversible capacity of 391 mA h g −1 even at a high current density of 2.0 A g −1 . Moreover, Sn 4 P 3 /RGO SIBs anodes exhibit a superior long cycling life, delivering a high capacity of 362 mA h g −1 after 1500 cycles at a high current density of 1.0 A g −1 . The outstanding cycling performance and rate capability of these porous hierarchical Sn 4 P 3 /RGO hybrid anodes can be attributed to the advantage of porous structure, and the synergistic effect between Sn 4 P 3 nanoparticles and RGO nanosheets.