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Going Beyond Lithium Hybrid Capacitors: Proposing a New High‐Performing Sodium Hybrid Capacitor System for Next‐Generation Hybrid Vehicles Made with Bio‐Inspired Activated Carbon
Author(s) -
Thangavel Ranjith,
Kaliyappan Karthikeyan,
Kang Kisuk,
Sun Xueliang,
Lee YunSung
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201502199
Subject(s) - capacitance , materials science , capacitor , supercapacitor , electrolyte , electrochemistry , lithium (medication) , power density , electrode , battery (electricity) , chemical engineering , intercalation (chemistry) , carbon fibers , specific energy , activated carbon , composite number , power (physics) , voltage , composite material , electrical engineering , inorganic chemistry , chemistry , thermodynamics , physics , medicine , endocrinology , engineering , adsorption
A novel sodium hybrid capacitor (NHC) is constructed with an intercalation‐type sodium material [carbon coated‐Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , C‐NVP] and high surface area‐activated carbon derived from an eco‐friendly resource cinnamon sticks (CDCs) in an organic electrolyte. This novel NHC possesses a combination of high energy and high power density, along with remarkable electrochemical stability. In addition, the C‐NVP/CDC system outperforms present, well‐established lithium hybrid capacitor systems in all areas, and can thus be added to the list of candidates for future electric vehicles. A careful optimization of mass balance between electrode materials enables the C‐NVP/CDC cell to exhibit extraordinary capacitance performance. This novel NHC produces an energy density of 118 Wh kg −1 at a specific power of 95 W kg −1 and retains an energy density of 60 Wh kg −1 with high specific power of 850 W kg −1 . Furthermore, a discharge capacitance of 53 F g −1 is obtained from the C‐NVP/CDC cell at a 1 mA cm −2 current density, along with 95% capacitance retention, even after 10 000 cycles. The sluggish kinetics of the Na ion battery system is successfully overcome by developing a stable, high‐performing NHC system.