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The Critical Choice of PEDOT:PSS Additives for Long Term Stability of Roll‐to‐Roll Processed OPVs
Author(s) -
Roth Bérenger,
dos Reis Benatto Gisele A.,
Corazza Michael,
Søndergaard Roar R.,
Gevorgyan Suren A.,
Jørgensen Mikkel,
Krebs Frederik C.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201401912
Subject(s) - materials science , pedot:pss , photovoltaic system , foil method , indium tin oxide , organic solar cell , degradation (telecommunications) , chemical engineering , optoelectronics , nanotechnology , composite material , polymer , layer (electronics) , electrical engineering , engineering
The impact of additives mixed with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) on the stability of organic photovoltaic modules is investigated for fully ambient roll‐to‐roll (R2R) processed indium tin oxide free modules. Four different PEDOT:PSS inks from two different suppliers are used. The modules are manufactured directly on barrier foil without a UV filter to accelerate degradation and enable completion of the study in a reasonable time span. The modules are subjected to stability testing following well‐established protocols developed by the international summit on organic photovoltaic stability (ISOS). For the harsh indoor test (ISOS‐L‐3) only a slight difference in stability is observed between the different modules. During both ISOS‐L‐3 and ISOS‐D‐3 one new failure mode is observed as a result of tiny air inclusions in the barrier foil and a R2R method is developed to detect and quantify these. During outdoor operation (ISOS‐O‐1) the use of ethylene glycol (EG) as an additive is found to drastically increase the operational stability of the modules as compared to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and a new failure mode specific to modules with DMSO as the additive is identified. The data are extended in an ongoing experiment where DMSO is used as additive for long‐term outdoor testing in a solar park.